Important commands for Windows Network and Internet

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The command line of Windows provides powerful commands to verify that administrators and webmasters quickly configure your network or Internet connections. We present the most important command-line commands in Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7. The still DOS-times derived from command line does under Windows still makes sense. Especially for the network configuration and troubleshooting the LAN it does provide some very powerful commands, all based on a graphical interface. Administrators just love the simple presentation and the scripting capabilities of the command line. Therefore, even offers Windows 7 still text-based CMD window.

To enter the Command Line commands, Open in Windows XP command prompt from Start, Run. Typing cmd and press Enter. The procedure is similar under Vista, and Windows 7, but has the CMD window, then only limited rights, for many of the commands presented but this makes little sense. It is better here, under Programs / Accessories Command Prompt with the right mouse button to select and then run as administrator.

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General tips for the console window :

1. If you want to know which version your Windows provides DOS, simply type Console in Window.
2. If you want information on a specific DOS command need more, give you help and the desired command. However, using this function exists only for common DOS commands, if less familiar commands like netsh using an alternate request help with a question mark, about netsh /?.
3. As with Linux, you can access the command line with the "up arrow" - move and the "down arrow" button from previously entered commands and execute them so easily again.
4. If you drive down the computer and you just want a DOS window open, you can type shutdown the appropriate parameters, including the PC shutdown.
5. whoami : Displays user and machine name: Type whoami (for who I am?) one. Windows will show it to the name of your PC and your user name. This command exists in some systems but only if you previously installed the Windows Resource Kit.
6. cls : Screen content if you already delete several commands typed in the console window and therefore many will have issues in, you may lose track of it. Order creates cls (clear screen) and the window is empty.
7. path : Displays paths for executable data. With the path you can view the directories can be where you store files from command line directly start of the leave, without the need to change the directory in question.

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arp and getmac: identify and configure MacAddress

The Address Resolution Protocol ARP takes over the implementation of the MAC address to an IP address. In the so-called ARP cache IP addresses are stored, which were already resolved in Mac addresses. ARP will not find it here, is a broadcast (broadcast) to all network computers accessible sent to the address requested IP address to identify the Mac. The unit, which includes the requested IP address responds, and sends its MAC address. Then ARP with the requesting computer's IP address in the ARP cache, all requests to that machine will now be served directly. After a reboot, all ARP entries are deleted - you do this with arp -d.

arp -a shows contents of the ARP cache to a rp -s IP-Address Mac-Address creates a static entry and manually connects an IP address with a MAC address. After a PC reboot but this entry is lost. arp /? shows all options. The use of the ARP protocol takes a specific security issue called ARP poisoning or ARP spoofing for security.

getmac: Mac-Address

Each network controller has a unique distinctive and invariable MAC address (Media Access Control), which is essential for addressing the data packets on the Internet - the MAC address is now the physical address of your network card, which is usually in a fixed EEPROM memory on the network card or the onboard LAN adapter in the BIOS chip is located. The MAC addresses are managed centrally, each address consists of twelve hexadecimal digits. The well-known IP addresses that are first and foremost responsible for addressing the data packets are mapped to the MAC addresses. For every Internet communication therefore needs associated to an IP address MAC address to be found. This is the ARP Address Resolution Procotol responsible. If your network or router configuration, you often need the MAC addresses of your network adapter. To determine since Windows XP, the MAC addresses with the command getmac. In Windows , there used the tool winipcfg . It is now much of the functionality of Windows, because its functionality through command ipconfig /all is made available.

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Besides the known TCP / IP protocol pair of Internet communication is based on a number of other protocols, including ICMP, Internet Control Message Protocol. ICMP is used for the transmission of short messages, is primarily this is about status and error information. The main command of the Internet Control Message Protocol is ping. ping (Packet Internet Groper) is the classic network commands and first choice if you want to test quickly whether your computer or network is the Internet or a Web site can be reached. To do this, ping the IP address or the name of the Web site. E.g. ping techarena.in. This inquiry is called Echo Request. The pinging host responds when it is available, with an echo reply. If the connection is working properly, you should get a display that indicates whether received from the pinged site data packets in response.

To pinged website address is the IP indicated (this is crucial for Internet communication, the DNS names are really there only as a convenience to the user), and the time that the 32-byte data packets need - the so-called response time. The Ping statistics should have no lost data packets. If the response times okay and go no packets are lost, then everything fits. Does ping the other hand, does not time out, then something is wrong with their internet connection or not pinged the site is not available. You can ping your local host also check by pinging the loopback address: ping localhost or ping 127.0.0.1. If then the correct answer, IP is properly installed on the host, which is a prerequisite for a functioning Internet connection. Testing the loopback but not guaranteed that you can on the Internet, because it is hit by the ping to localhost, for example, no information about your Gateway. Ping for the IP address of your gateway. This is achievable, at least the connection works within your network to the gateway. ping sends a standard four ICMP echo packets and shows the amount of time for response goes up. If the answer is not within a second, delivers ping a timeout for the package.

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tracert: show route data packets

With the command tracert (Caution: risk of confusion with Linux, where the command traceroute is) and the corresponding parameters have the path and all intermediate stations (called hops) a packet between two hosts display. They then learn that the data packet goes to targeted server. Starting with the Fritzbox (which is our default gateway) of six intermediate stations (for example, our provider, various routers and gateways) to the destination server. You also learn how long it takes the packet from one station to another. For tracert is available from the freeware and shareware visualization tools that provide a kind of world map on which the route of your parcel is located. tracert is an IP address as well as a host name to be used with both. Host names are case tracert IP address. The term designates the way TTL Time to Live the life of a data packet in the network. Maximum of one package over 255 routers go, with time to each router transition (Hop) is reduced to a Live. TTL reaches 0 and it was not delivered by then, the packet is discarded.

pathping: combination of ping and tracert

pathping is to develop the command tracert and ping . The upper part of the output is largely the result of tracert. Including a detailed analysis was followed with information for routing the data packets on each hop. All intermediate stations respectively routers receive individual pings. Based on the responses calculated pathping a statistic. Packet loss and response time are displayed on each individual router, so the causes can be to quickly identify faults within a route.

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ipconfig: Network configuration

Type ipconfig at a at a glance all the configuration settings of your network interfaces (LAN and WLAN) is displayed. You see, for example, currently not as important IP6 address of your PC, the IP4 address, subnet mask and the IP address of the default gateway through which you access the Internet (often the address of the DSL router). Also to your computer competent DNS - Server can be found with ipconfig information. If you really want to have all the information, type ipconfig the corresponding parameters with: ipconfig /all . If your computer has multiple network controllers, provides ipconfig information for each controller. With Ipconfig /release enter your current IP address freely. With ipconfig /renew then request from the DHCP server a new IP address. So you can perhaps resolve problems with the DHCP server assigned IP address incorrectly.

ipconfig also offers options to clear the DNS cache. In this cache the results of DNS queries are stored to ensure no new requests to DNS servers are necessary and unnecessary traffic is avoided. With ipconfig /displaydns View all of DNS cache entries to the existing. With ipconfig /flushdns flush the DNS cache. You can use the DNS-only memory Windows these commands to delete. The Linux kernel caches any DNS request, so there is no comparable to Windows command.

Note: If you use Windows and Linux in parallel, you have the correct spelling of each command, pay attention to. On Linux, it is ifconfig, not ipconfig. There are also iwconfig for wireless interface under Linux.

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how to restart the machine through vpn?

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If you are using the remote desktop connection then you will not find the shut down or Restart option in Start Menu. I have gone through the same issue and found one solution to work with the same. Just get into the remote PC and then press CTRL+ALT+END and then click on Shut down and select Restart option from there. This will help you to perform the Restart of machine through VPN.