Industry standard architecture

Hello , I would like to know what is Isa , industry standard architecture , and what is the latest Version of Isa , when isa was Used and how does Isa works , please help me thanks in advance for your help

The Industry Standard Architecture, commonly abbreviated as ISA is a standard computer bus used internally for connecting expansion cards to the motherboard of a computer. It is a 16 bits width bus with a clock speed of 8 MHz. It allows bus mastering on the first 16 megabytes. The ISA bus was developed by IBM as part of the creation of the PC in 1981. Originally a width of 8 bits, it goes to 16 bits in 1984, first under the name AT bus.

The Extended Industry Standard Architecture, or EISA bus is a standard for improving ISA bus offered by Compaq at the head of a consortium of manufacturers, in response to the IBM Isa bus

The ISA bus allow bus mastering , it means that it allowes to communicate directly with other devices without going through the processor. The Industry Standard Architecture, commonly abbreviated as ISA 'is a standard computer bus used internally for connecting expansion cards to the motherboard of a computer. It has been over a decade bus standard compatible PC. Since 1998 it has almost disappeared from the new motherboards for the benefit of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

The original ISA bus (Industry Standard Architecture), appeared in 1981 with the PC XT, was a bus width of 8 bits clocked at a frequency of 4.77 MHz.

In 1984, with the advent of the PC AT (Intel 286), the bus width is increased to 16 bits and the frequency successively from 6 to 8 MHz, and finally 8.33 MHz , providing a theoretical maximum throughput of 16 Mb/s (in practice only 8 MB / s in that cycle two was used for addressing).