Subnet setup is a bit hectic jobs where you need a much intense knowledge on networking. Subnets makes your work much easier when you are working on a very wide network. Imagine a huge network like the Internet where each machine would have to know all the million other machines (including their addresses) and how to access them. This would force our poor computers have huge tables containing all the information. To address this issue, it was this huge network segmented into various smaller networks.
And it is in these small networks that are given addresses to the machines to send them information. Thus, it suffices to know the network address to send information to a machine for it, and it is within this network that the information will be redirected to the right machine. When you configure a network, often referred to as subnet mask. This one used to capacity for a computer to communicate with one another within the same network or not. Depending on the mask, access restrictions are applied, and computers can not communicate, so you cannot find the same in My Network Places. The subnet mask is the most common one we use at home usually is 255.255.255.0.
This subnet mask will allow computers with an IP address with the same first 3 octets to communicate. Ex: The computer has the IP 192.168.0.1 can communicate with each other with IP as 192.168.0.2 but not 192.169.0.2.As you understand, we have two addresses to identify a machine, one for the network and the machine itself. However, addressing that was chosen for machinery defines only a single address. You tell me that this is not enough.
Simply address this segment into two distinct parts, one for the network, and one for the machine. This is where the mask comes into play, he plays the role of separator between these two addresses. The mask is a separator between the network part and host part of an IP address. The use and control of masks must be able to allow one hand to know what you handle, and secondly to optimize the operation of your network. Indeed, the use of masks will allow you to segment the most correct addressing of your network, and so sensitive machines separate from the rest of the network, reduce congestion, and predict the evolution of your network, etc.
How to configure Subnet
The following is an overview of the steps which will then be explained in detail:
- establish the physical connectivity (network wiring, network interconnections - such as routers)
- choose the size of each sub-network in terms of number of devices that are connected - ie how many IP numbers are required for each segment.
- calculate masks and addresses of appropriate network
- Give each interface on each network its own IP address and subnet mask appropriate.
- Set up the routes on the routers and the appropriate gateways, routes and / or default routes on devices in the network.
- test the system, resolve problems, etc.
For purposes of this example, we assume we are cutting a number of Class C network: 192.168.1.0 . This provides for a maximum of 254 connected interfaces (hosts), plus
the obligatory network number (192.168.1.0) and broadcast (192.168.1.255).
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