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Thread: How to use External declarations in XML?

  1. #1
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    Jul 2010
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    How to use External declarations in XML?

    I have done some basic concepts of XML, and I know that there is still more to do. Now I am stuck at external declarations. I am not able to do anything because I don't know much about an external declarations. So thought to take some assistance from you members. Please tell me how to use External declarations in XML? It is not a hard language for viewing documents as HTML, offering developers the ability to define new elements and separately specify syntax, semantics, representation and behavior, but its use is not really affordable for everyone. Also tell me about the documentation and how it works. I hope that you members will be kind and help me soon.

  2. #2
    Join Date
    Mar 2008
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    Instead of HTML, the Extensible Markup Language is a unique language for displaying documents. More or less, all those who surf the Net know or have heard, at least because of HTML is used to develop Web pages is a well-defined language, in which the structure, appearance and behavior of various pages is specified by stirring the actual text of the page a set of instructions more or less complex called markers. Although HTML has evolved over time to include more features and markers used by developers, its key feature is that each element has a precise connotation. Any browser knows how to interpret and display the standard markers, and often a series of markers that owners end up, in many cases, to become in fact standards. Although it is now possible to define a part of the behavior and the representation of the pages by using more or less advanced languages such as Java and JavaScript or using so-called style sheets (CSS), HTML is a language in fact closed, with the limits and characteristics precise. Hence it was necessary to give developers of documents the ability to define new elements and separately specify syntax, semantics, representation and behavior. It is exactly what XML can do that, in fact, represents a simplified version of SGML, complex metalanguage for defining declarative languages for creating documents.

  3. #3
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    There are two types of documents: those that comply with (well-formed) and those valid. Why do not comply, a document must meet a set of rules. First, it must contain at least one item. For example, a text file without any marker can not be considered a conforming XML document. In addition, the root element should always be there and may never appear within another element. For example, the root of a book could be <BOOK> </ BOOK>. As regards the other elements, nesting must be complete: it is not possible to say that two elements partially overlap, as in <B> <I> shrew </ B> Shrew </ I>. The consequence of these three simple rules is: every item that is not the root must be contained in one and only one other element. This leads us to be able to see all the elements of an XML document represented in a tree in which every element is a child of another, except the root, and can in turn be the father of one or more items. Many Parser in fact an XML document providing its own tree.

  4. #4
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    An XML document can be written using any character of the ISO / IEC 10646, either in direct form is encoded UTF-8 and UTF-16. This standard is substantially similar to all Unicode characters, not so-called surrogate blocks and characters 0xfffe and 0xFFFF. The result is a collection of text and markup (markup). There are several types of markers. In addition to the classic start and end markers, and as <PROVA> </ TEST>, there is also a marker empty, the one that does not restrict one or more other elements, for example <VUOTO/>. Markers also are considered references to an entity such as, for example, &signature;, and those with a character, as}, comments, document type declaration, the delimiters of CDATA sections and processing instructions (processing instructions, or PI ). All the rest is text.

  5. #5
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    Dec 2008
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    Another aspect of an XML document to its dependence on any external declaration. We have seen that an XML document can depend on a DTD file. It is also possible that the document there are references to other external declaration. A declaration may alter the contents of a document in the transition from XML processor XML application. For example, if you specify in a statement that a certain parameter of a marker, if omitted, the default value has a well-defined, the application processor will pass that parameter with that value even if not explicitly encoded. Another example is the use of references. If a clearance is defined as &signature; <B> DDJ </ B>, this will be the string passed to the application, not the reference. This will be solved by that same processor. If this type of declaration are all contained within the document, we will say that the XML document is independent, and it signals that the parameter standalone = "yes" in the XML prologue. Instead, if at least one of these statements can be found outside the document, for example in a DTD file, the parameter should be set to "no". Note that this parameter is not required. The XML is becoming the "yes" unless it becomes aware of the existence of obvious external declaration of that type.

  6. #6
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    So much for compliance. If then the document must also be valid, the parameter is mandatory standalone set to "no" if there are external declarations of the following types: attributes with default values, if they are not explicitly set in the document entity, if used ; normalizable attributes - we'll see in the next article - elements with content which may include one or more space characters. For the moment we stop here. In the next issue will describe how it's done a DTD file and some XML applications such as VML and MathML. Without this you will have the basics for writing an XML language, at least in theory ...

  7. #7
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    A document, in the widest sense of the term, is a collection of chapters, paragraphs, sections, notes, titles, figures and other compound to form a series of pages linked together logically. If the document is of a conventional type, the pages form a sequence, like a book. If it is hypertext-like, they can form a more or less complex structure that can close in on itself. Finally, if the links and references are dynamic, we can also create a structure that can change depending on how you interact with the document itself, especially since even in a dynamic document content can be adapted to what are the needs or desires of reader. Of course, if the document is multimedia, the most classic elements you can add animation, sound and overall real integrated applications that can do pretty much anything, as in the case of Java applets or ActiveX objects. Each element then may have its own characteristics. The same text can be made with different character types and sizes, the images can have a caption and a frame, the securities may be centered or aligned to one edge, sound and other objects may have default attributes may be changed dynamically. In other words, with the same content every document has its own style, its way of presenting.

  8. #8
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    Comments can be placed anywhere in a document, except inside another marker, with the exception of the DTD, ie the Declaration on the type of document, we will discuss in detail in the next article. As in HTML, they always begin and end with "->". for "<!-" May contain any text to the exclusion of two consecutive ("-"). The processing instructions, or processing, are used to provide a set of XML application and information is passed directly to the module in question. They always begin with the two characters "<?" Without any space followed by a name that corresponds to the application that must process, and end with the characters "?>". The instruction "<? Xml" are reserved to the XML itself. This allows, for example, to have multiple languages in a single XML document, each managed by its application. For example, in a document written in a language such as HTML, you might want to introduce a vector graphics defined via VML. An XML document should always begin with an XML PI that identifies it as such, this prologue. For example:
    <? Xml version = "1.0"?>

  9. #9
    Join Date
    Apr 2008
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    Re: How to use External declarations in XML?

    CDATA sections are blocks that allow us to consider a string of characters as plain text, even if it contains one or more markers. In practice it is a way to temporarily stop running the interpretation of language, if, for example, are writing a manual to an XML language and the document contains the demos that you want to show as they interpret those without markers, just which includes several examples in CDATA blocks and you're done. A block of this type always starts with '<! [CDATA ["and ends with"]]> ". So far for what concerns the approved documents. However, for an XML document is also valid, it is necessary to advance a wider set of rules that describe in some way be used as the various markers and allow the processor to validate the document from a syntactic point of view. In HTML this is not necessary, because the language is well defined and known by any browser that claims to be able to handle a certain version. In this case, the document type declaration is quite simple, and actually contains only the version of the language and a few other details. It's that "strange" statement <! DOCTYPE> that is always placed on top of the document. But if we develop a language for writing recipes, as does the processor know that the item may appear in separate ingredients, but not in phase.

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