List of routing protocols

[Sergio 1]

I am studying about the communication protocol. A protocol is a specification standard that enables communication between two devices. These are rules and procedures that define the encoding type and speed used during communication, and how to establish and terminate the connection. I am here to know about the list of protocols and routing protocols. Since, you members have helped me a lot before, I thought to post here and get some help from you.

[Joko]

The following are some list of protocols:

• ARP: Level 3 of the OSI layer (Address Resolution Protocol) Enables you to find the physical address of a network adapter corresponding to an IP address.
• RARP: Level 3 of the OSI layer (Reverce Address Resolution Protocol). Inverse ARP, lets you know the IP address corresponding to the physical address of a NIC.
• CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) protocol CSMA / CA attempts to avoid collisions by imposing a systematic acknowledgment packets (ACK), which means that for every data packet arrived intact, a ACK packet is sent by the receiving station.
• CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). Literally means multiple access listening to the carrier with collision detection. This method allows a station to listen to the physical connection (cable or fiber) to determine if another station is transmitting data. If no transmission is detected, the station that listening can be issued. Nevertheless, the fact that several multiple access stations can transmit at the same time causing a collision (resulting in loss of data) As stations also listen collisions they know they must retransmit after waiting a random delay.

[Zeverto]

DHCP protocol that allows a computer that connects to a network and dynamically obtain an IP address. The main aim being to simplify network administration. (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). We consider how to distribute DHCP IP addresses, but it was originally designed as a complement to BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) which is used when installing a machine (device type) across a network. Current versions of DHCP servers work for IPv4. A specification for IPv6 is being developed by the IETF. There are several messages that complete DHCP configuration, renew, etc. ... These messages may be issued either by the customer or by the server:

• DHCPDISCOVER: To locate available DHCP servers and request an initial configuration.
• DHCPOFFER: Server Response to a message
• DHCPREQUEST: Applications of various client for example the extension of the lease!
• DHCPDECLINE: The customer announces the server that the address is already used.
• DHCPACK: Response of the server that contains the client IP settings
• DHCPNAK: Server Response to notify the client that its lease has expired or that the client configuration is wrong.
• DHCPRELEASE: The client releases its IP address.
• DHCPINFORM: The client requests the local settings, it already has its IP address.

The first request sent by the client is a DHCPDISCOVER message. The server responds with a DHCPOFFER, to submit an IP address to the client. The client establishes its configuration, and possibly other application settings, and then made a DHCPREQUEST to validate its IP address. The server simply responds with a DHCPACK to confirm the assignment of IP. This is usually sufficient for a client to obtain an effective network configuration, but can be longer or shorter depending on whether the client accepts or not the IP address or request additional info ...

[garfield1]

I would like to discuss more about the list of protocols,

• EAP: Extending PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) It provides authentication of users remote access through other security devices. It is possible to add support to a number of authentication schemes. These include token cards, remote access, Kerberos V5 passwords single-use and the public key authentication using smart cards and certificates, particular. EAP is compatible with remote access clients, PPTP and L2TP. (Extensible Authentication Protocol).
• HTTP: Level 7 of the OSI layer (HyperText Transfer Protocol) to transfer files (mostly HTML) located thanks to a string called a URL.
• HTTPS: HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure transmission protocol from Netscape bound to a socket connection sécurisée.C is with a pinch of HTTP SSL (Secure Socket Layer).
• ICMP: Level 3 of the OSI layer (Internet Control Message Protocol). Protocol used to manage information relating to the errors of machines connected. It does not correct these mistakes, but he expressed to the protocols of neighboring layers. Routers use ICMP to report errors (Delivery Problem).
• IPX: Inter-network Packet eXchange. An IPX address is denoted in hexadecimal format and has a length of 80 bits (10 bytes). 32 bits are reserved for the network portion and 48 bits for the host Party. Which indicates a theoretical capacity of 248 and 232 addresses per network networks. There is no concept of sub-networks with IPX. The network number is assigned by the administrator. It must be between 1 and fffffffd. The host is identified by the MAC address of the NIC. This eliminates the possibility of the existence of duplication on the network.
• LDAP: Protocol standard for managing directories, that is to say access to databases of information about users on a network. (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).

[spuff]

NetBEUI (network layer - NetBIOS Extended User Interface) is a network protocol used in small local area networks (+ / - 200 clients). It was designed by IBM in 1985. 2 modes:

• Operating non-connected, unreliable, with which the sender sends packets to the destination without making a connection and no guarantee that packets arrive to the recipient. Mainly used for DNS.
• How connected, reliable, with whom the sender and recipient establish a reliable connection before any data transfer. Used for commands such as net use, Net View, Net Start ...

NetBIOS (Application Layer - Network Basic Input / Output System) is an API (Application Programming Interface) used by applications on a LAN. NetBIOS provides applications a set of commands for querying the low-level nodes of a network.

[Brunoz]

You also want to know about the list of routing protocols, so here they are :

• IGRP (protocol defined by Cisco Company). (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) Based on the distance-vector. The distance-vector protocol requires each router neighbor to send all or a portion of its routing table in a message called a routing-update interval.
• OSPF: Routing Protocol - (Open Shortest Path First) Technology Link State ("State Links") has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of the prior Distance Vector: Instead of sending their neighbors to all possible destinations the routers to send their packets describing the list of links which they are connected, and the cost associated with these bonds. These packages are called Link State Packets (LSP) and Link State Advertisements (LSA).
• RIP: Routing Protocol - (Routing Information Protocol) RIP is included in many UNIX operating systems. This is a very simple protocol Distance Vector (Distance Vector routers work by sending their neighbors their entire routing table). The routing table is sent in RIP packets encapsulated in UDP datagrams. The port number used is 520. RIP packets have a maximum size of 512 bytes. If the routing table to be transmitted is larger, it is sent in several packets. RIP packets are sent in broadcast (broadcast) except in the case of point-to-point or not supporting the broadcast.

[Jevin]

Routing Protocol - (Open Shortest Path First) Technology Link State ("State Links") has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of the prior Distance Vector: Instead of sending their neighbors to all possible destinations the routers to send their packets describing the list of links which they are connected, and the cost associated with these bonds. These packages are called Link State Packets (LSP) and Link State Advertisements (LSA).

The neighbors that receive these packets are transmitted in turn to their neighbors (except the one that issued the package). These packets are sent when certain events such as change of state of a bond, a change in cost or the arrival of a new router. Routers are a database using these packages, and then calculate a "map" the entire network from which they can determine the best route to a destination (the one whose sum of costs is the lowest). We need a mechanism that ensures the safe arrival of LSA packets, if the routers may calculate the wrong network adapter. The routers themselves discover their neighbors by sending packets "Hello" which meet the neighbors.