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Thread: Problem with Network Setup

  1. #1
    Join Date
    Jan 2009
    Posts
    69

    Problem with Network Setup

    I have a network setup of 05-10 computers. So is it a Class C subnet address? I wanted to know that is ip address actually starts with 192.168.xxx.xxx. Am i required to to subnet my small network? How would one can perform subnet function as doing subnet addressing?
    The network consist of wired network computers, and also 2 wireless routers for network.

    Please provide some solution

    Thanks

  2. #2
    Join Date
    Apr 2008
    Posts
    3,424

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    KEY
    Each octet, 8 ones, equals 255 in binary:

    128+64+32+16+08+04+02+01= 255
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1= 8

    255.255.0.0 = /16
    | 8 || 8 || 0 || 0 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 ]

    255.255.255.0 = /24
    | 8 || 8 || 8 || 0 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 ]

    255.255.255.128 = /25
    | 8 || 8 || 8 || 1 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 ]

    255.255.255.192 = /26
    | 8 || 8 || 8 || 2 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 ]

    255.255.255.224 = /27
    | 8 || 8 || 8 || 3 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 ]

    255.255.255.240 = /28
    | 8 || 8 || 8 || 4 |
    [ 11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 ]

  3. #3
    Join Date
    May 2008
    Posts
    3,516

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    The issue of subnetting has long been a mystery to many system administrators. It seems that there are just too many bits, bytes, and masks involved to make it worthwhile. Besides, who needs all that trouble when it's all you can do to just maintain the network as it is? You can certainly find sympathy, but if your network plans call for Internet access then IP (Internet Protocol) addressing and possibly subnet masking are topics that you s hould be familiar with.

    As networks grow to increasing numbers of segments, more network address numbers will be needed as each segment requires an individual number. The InterNIC (whose name signifies cooperation of Network Information Centers or NICs), however, is not eager to hand out unlimited network addresses because they are quickly running out of them. The Internet community is generally taking a firm stand on limiting address availability, due to the accelerated growth demand for Internet access. Network administrators will have to work with what they have to better accommodate network requirements and the shrinking supply of address numbers.

  4. #4
    Join Date
    Apr 2008
    Posts
    3,339

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    The IP addressing framework allows one to address about 16,000,000 unique hosts for a Class A address, around 65,000 hosts for a Class B address, but only 254 hosts for a Class C address. However, there are no more Class A addresses available, and the InterNIC has stopped assigning Class B addresses. Class C addresses are the most numerous, but their limitation is that each can identify only 254 unique hosts.

    The IP address is composed of 32 bits, which consist of two parts: the most significant bits (MSBs) identify a particular network and the remaining bits specify a host on that network. The most significant bits of the network portion actually determine the address class as shown in this table:
    Address MSB
    Class Pattern
    Class A 0
    Class B 10
    Class C 110

  5. #5
    Join Date
    Jan 2006
    Posts
    4,221

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    The first three bits of a Class C address are 1, 1, and 0, the next 21 bits identify the network and the last eight the host, as diagramed:
    Network Host
    +----------------------+ +------+
    | | | |
    [110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx][xxxxxxxx]

    Thus, Class C addresses include the network numbers in the range 192.0.1.0 through 223.255.254.0 for a total of 254 host addresses per network address.

    Finally, we have Class D and Class E addresses. Class D address start at 224.0.0.0 and are used for multicast purposes. Class E addresses start at 240.0.0.0 and are currently used only for experimental purposes.

  6. #6
    Join Date
    Jan 2006
    Posts
    3,792

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    A subnet mask (or number) is used to determine the number of bits used for the subnet and host portions of the address. The mask is a 32-bit value that uses one-bits for the network and subnet portions and zero-bits for the host portion.

    Let's look at an example. Here we have a Class B address of 191.70.55.130 and apply some different subnet masks. A logical AND operation is performed between the IP address and the subnet mask as shown:

    Here we use a mask that retains the default 16 network and host bits for a Class B address:
    191 70 55 130
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0011 0111 1000 0010 IP address
    1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnet mask
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0000 0000 0000 0000 Result

    Here we employ a mask that d ivides the host portion into a subnet and host that are each eight bits wide:
    191 70 55 130
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0011 0111 1000 0010 IP address
    1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 Subnet mask
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0011 0111 0000 0000 Result

    This division allows 254 (256-2 reserved) subnets, each with 254 hosts.

    This division on a byte boundary makes it easy to determine the subnet and host from the dotted-decimal IP address. However, the subnet-host boundary can be at any bit position in the host portion of the IP address. Here, we use a mask that allows more subnets (512-2 reserved), but with the trade-off of fewer hosts (128-2) per subnet:
    191 70 55 130
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0011 0111 1000 0010 IP address
    1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 Subnet mask
    1011 1111 1000 0110 0011 0111 1000 0000 Result

  7. #7
    Join Date
    May 2008
    Posts
    2,945

    Re: Problem with Network Setup

    One of the first things a network administrator needs to do is define the requirements for the network. The logical place to start is to consider how many hosts are on the network.

    Using the maximum number of hosts on one Ethernet segment is generally not good practice because it could create performance problems due to network congestion. If you only have one Class C address assigned to your network then what can you do? Refer to our table above that depicts the Class C address subnetting network number-host trade off.

    Even though a Class C address can support up to 254 hosts, in my experience, 60-80 hosts is a good number for most LANs using of fice automation tools. I've seen overloaded Ethernet segments--with over 100 hosts--at client sites. My recommendation is that they segment their LAN in half or even further. Also, many hub cards come with 24 ports per card, which makes it easy to segment in 24-host multiples provided that the hub supports multiple segments on the backplane. Many do.

    One reasonable approach would be to select six subnets each with 30 hosts. Although two subnets with 62 hosts is also feasible, it is not as flexible because there are only two subnets. The other alternatives that use more subnets probably don't provide enough hosts per subnet.

    Subnets 0 and 7 are unusable because they are used for special addressing situations. For instance, a subnet of 7 (all one bits) is reserved for an all subnets-directed broadcast (a broadcast sent to all subnets of the specified subnetted network) when the host bits are all one. This leaves subnets 1 through 6 available for use.

    In each subnet, the first ho st number (0) is reserved, and the resulting number is known as the network number. The last number in each subnet is reserved for the broadcast address, and cannot be used for a host address. Consequently, in this case there are only 30 host addresses available for each subnet.

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